20.1 مقدمة الوحدة | Unit Introduction
هذه وحدة Listening and Speaking. سنتعلم:
- 9 وظائف مختلفة في المطارات ومسؤولياتها
- الاستماع لمقابلة مع مراقب ملاحة جوية (Air Traffic Controller)
- قاعدة لغوية مهمة: Asking for and Giving Explanations (طلب وتقديم التفسيرات)
20.2 التمهيد | Activity 1 Warm-up
تُعرض صورة لأول طائرة وصلت لمطار مسقط الجديد في ديسمبر 2014، مستقبلة بمدافع المياه (Water Salute) من سيارات الإطفاء.
الأسئلة:
a. Have you ever been in an airport? If so, why were you there? (travelling, meeting someone)
نموذج إجابة:
“Yes, I’ve been to Muscat International Airport several times – both when travelling abroad with my family and when meeting relatives arriving from other countries.”
b. Would you like to work in an airport? Why/why not?
نموذج إجابة:
“Yes, I think I would like to work in an airport because it’s a busy and exciting environment where you meet people from different countries every day. It would also give me the chance to be involved in a modern, important industry for Oman’s economy.”
c. What kind of airport jobs would interest you? Give your reasons.
نموذج إجابة:
“I think the job of an air traffic controller would interest me most because it involves responsibility, problem-solving, and an interest in technology and aviation, which I find fascinating.”
20.3 النص: 9 وظائف في المطارات | Activity 2 – Airport Jobs
المقدمة
English:
There are a huge number of jobs available at airports. Many different types of workers are needed to maintain safety and efficiency. The variety of work means that almost everyone can find a job they are suited to, and which they enjoy.
العربية:
هناك عدد هائل (Huge Number) من الوظائف المتاحة في المطارات. يحتاج الأمر إلى أنواع عمال مختلفة كثيرة للحفاظ على (Maintain) السلامة (Safety) والكفاءة (Efficiency). تنوع العمل يعني أن تقريباً كل شخص يمكنه إيجاد وظيفة مناسبة (Suited) له، ويستمتع بها.
20.4 حل تمرين المطابقة الكامل: 9 وظائف ومسؤولياتها | Activity 2 – Full Matching Solution
| # | الوظيفة | الإجابة | المسؤولية | الترجمة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | airport manager | d | has overall responsibility for the running of an airport | مدير المطار – مسؤول بشكل عام عن تشغيل المطار |
| 2 | airport engineer/planner | h | designs airports and runways; supervises construction | مهندس/مخطط المطار – يصمم المطارات والمدارج، يشرف على البناء |
| 3 | emergency services personnel | f | include firefighters, medical staff and police officers | طاقم الخدمات الطارئة – يشمل رجال الإطفاء، الطاقم الطبي، والشرطة |
| 4 | retail services personnel | a | work in restaurants, shops, car rental agencies | طاقم الخدمات التجارية – يعملون في المطاعم، المحلات، وكالات تأجير السيارات |
| 5 | check in agent | c | helps passengers check in and answers their questions | موظف تسجيل الوصول – يساعد الركاب في تسجيل الوصول ويجيب على أسئلتهم |
| 6 | security personnel | i | monitor cameras, walk around the airport to maintain order and safety | طاقم الأمن – يراقبون الكاميرات، يتجولون في المطار للحفاظ على النظام والسلامة |
| 7 | air traffic controller | b | gives instructions and directions to pilots | مراقب الملاحة الجوية – يعطي تعليمات وتوجيهات للطيارين |
| 8 | mechanic/technician | g | carries out repairs and makes sure machines are safe | فني/تقني – يقوم بالإصلاحات ويتأكد من سلامة الأجهزة |
| 9 | baggage handler | e | weighs and transports luggage, puts bags on flights | عامل مناولة الحقائب – يزن وينقل الحقائب، يضعها في الطائرات |
20.5 جدول مفردات الوظائف التسعة | Job Vocabulary Table
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| airport manager | مدير المطار |
| airport engineer/planner | مهندس/مخطط المطار |
| emergency services | خدمات الطوارئ |
| firefighters | رجال إطفاء |
| medical staff | طاقم طبي |
| police officers | ضباط شرطة |
| retail services | خدمات تجارية/بيع |
| car rental agencies | وكالات تأجير سيارات |
| check in agent | موظف تسجيل الوصول |
| security personnel | طاقم أمن |
| monitor (v) | يراقب |
| maintain order | يحافظ على النظام |
| air traffic controller | مراقب الملاحة الجوية |
| instructions and directions | تعليمات وتوجيهات |
| mechanic/technician | فني/تقني |
| carries out repairs | يقوم بالإصلاحات |
| baggage handler | عامل مناولة الحقائب |
| weighs (v) | يزن |
| transports (v) | ينقل |
| luggage (n) | حقائب |
20.6 مناقشة الوظائف | Job Discussion
لكل وظيفة، فكّر: ما المهارات المطلوبة؟
| الوظيفة | المهارات المطلوبة (Required Skills) |
|---|---|
| Airport Manager | Leadership, organisation, decision-making |
| Engineer/Planner | Technical knowledge, design skills, mathematics |
| Emergency Services | Quick reaction, physical fitness, calmness under pressure |
| Retail Services | Customer service, sales skills, friendliness |
| Check-in Agent | Communication, patience, computer skills |
| Security Personnel | Attention to detail, alertness, physical fitness |
| Air Traffic Controller | Concentration, quick decision-making, clear communication |
| Mechanic/Technician | Technical/mechanical skills, problem-solving |
| Baggage Handler | Physical strength, organisation, teamwork |
20.7 محاكاة مقابلة: طارق، مراقب الملاحة الجوية | Activity 3 – Air Traffic Controller Interview
السياق:
“Listen to a radio programme about careers. Tariq, an air traffic controller, is being interviewed about his job. As you listen, choose the correct answer to each question.”
نموذج محاكاة للمقابلة (Sample Interview Simulation):
Interviewer: Good morning, Tariq. Thank you for joining us today. Can you tell us about your work?
Tariq: Good morning! Of course. I’ve been working as an air traffic controller at Muscat International Airport for more than 22 years now.
Interviewer: That’s a long career! What kind of instructions do you give to pilots?
Tariq: Well, mainly I give instructions about height and speed – making sure planes are flying at safe altitudes and appropriate speeds, especially when they’re approaching the airport.
Interviewer: I see. What factors affect the order in which planes land?
Tariq: That’s a good question. Several things affect the landing order – mainly the size of the aircraft, its speed, and the direction it’s coming from. We have to coordinate all of these factors to keep everything running smoothly and safely.
Interviewer: Can you explain what qualities someone needs to do this job well?
Tariq: I mean, the most important thing is a passion for aviation. You also need excellent concentration, because you’re responsible for many lives at once, and the ability to stay calm under pressure.
Interviewer: Finally, how do you find your job overall – is it stressful?
Tariq: Honestly, it can be stressful at times, especially during busy periods. But overall, I find it very rewarding. Knowing that I’m helping keep flights safe gives me a real sense of purpose.
20.8 حل تمرين Activity 3: الإجابات الخمس
| # | السؤال | الإجابة | الدليل من المقابلة |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How long has Tariq been an air traffic controller? | c. more than 22 years | “for more than 22 years now” |
| 2 | What does Tariq give pilots instructions about? | c. height and speed | “instructions about height and speed” |
| 3 | What affects the order planes land in? | c. size, speed and direction | “mainly the size of the aircraft, its speed, and the direction” |
| 4 | What must an air traffic controller have a passion for? | b. aviation | “the most important thing is a passion for aviation” |
| 5 | How does Tariq find his job? | c. rewarding | “I find it very rewarding” |
20.9 شرح القاعدة: Asking for and Giving Explanations
طلب وتقديم التفسيرات
جدول العبارات الكامل: Soundbites
أ) Asking for Explanations (طلب التفسير)
| العبارة | الترجمة | الاستخدام |
|---|---|---|
| Can you tell us about your work? | هل يمكنك أن تخبرنا عن عملك؟ | فتح المحادثة، طلب معلومات عامة |
| What kind of instructions? | أي نوع من التعليمات؟ | طلب توضيح/تفصيل أكثر |
| What do you mean by other factors? | ما الذي تقصده بـ “عوامل أخرى”؟ | طلب توضيح لمصطلح محدد |
| How do you do that? | كيف تقوم بذلك؟ | طلب شرح العملية/الطريقة |
| Can you explain what qualities you need……? | هل يمكنك أن تشرح ما المؤهلات التي تحتاجها؟ | طلب شرح تفصيلي |
ب) Giving Explanations (تقديم التفسير)
| العبارة | الترجمة | الاستخدام |
|---|---|---|
| OK, let me explain. | حسناً، دعني أشرح. | بدء التفسير |
| That’s why an air traffic controller needs good training. | لهذا السبب يحتاج مراقب الملاحة الجوية لتدريب جيد. | ربط السبب بالنتيجة |
| That’s because air traffic control isn’t a job with short working hours. | هذا لأن التحكم في الملاحة الجوية ليست وظيفة بساعات عمل قصيرة. | تقديم سبب |
| The reason is you need to know how planes work. | السبب هو أنك تحتاج معرفة كيف تعمل الطائرات. | تقديم سبب رسمي |
| I mean, it can be stressful ……. | أعني، قد يكون مرهقاً… | توضيح/إعادة صياغة |
20.10 جدول روابط السبب والنتيجة | Cause & Effect Connectors
| للسبب (Giving Reason) | للنتيجة (Giving Result) |
|---|---|
| That’s because… | That’s why… |
| The reason is… | This means that… |
| Because of… | As a result… |
أمثلة تطبيقية:
“Air traffic controllers work in shifts. That’s because the airport operates 24 hours a day.”
(مراقبو الملاحة الجوية يعملون بنظام الورديات. هذا لأن المطار يعمل 24 ساعة في اليوم.)
“The job requires intense concentration. That’s why controllers take regular breaks.”
(الوظيفة تتطلب تركيزاً مكثفاً. لهذا السبب يأخذ المراقبون استراحات منتظمة.)
20.11 تمرين Activate Your English: أجزاء السيارة
Car Parts Activity
التعليمات:
“Look at the picture of the car and choose one of the labelled parts. Ask your partner to explain its purpose. Use phrases from the Soundbites box.”
أجزاء السيارة المعطاة (7 أجزاء):
| الجزء | المعنى |
|---|---|
| mirror | مرآة |
| petrol cap | غطاء خزان البنزين |
| bonnet | غطاء المحرك (الكبوت) |
| wheel | عجلة |
| tyre | عجلة (الإطار المطاطي) |
| number plate | لوحة الترخيص |
| indicator | إشارة الانحراف |
20.12 نموذج محادثة كاملة: شرح أجزاء السيارة
المثال المُعطى:
Student A: Can you tell me what the mirror is used for?
Student B: It’s used to check the traffic behind. That’s why it’s so important.
نموذج حوار موسّع (7 أجزاء):
A: Can you tell me what the mirror is used for?
B: It’s used to check the traffic behind you before changing lanes or reversing. That’s why it’s so important for safety.A: OK, got it. What about the indicator? What’s that for?
B: Let me explain. The indicator shows other drivers which direction you’re about to turn. That’s why you should always use it before turning or changing lanes.A: I see. Can you explain what the bonnet is used for?
B: The bonnet covers the engine. The reason it’s important is that it protects the engine from rain, dust, and other things, and it also allows access for maintenance checks.A: What do you mean by “maintenance checks”?
B: I mean things like checking the oil level or the engine water – you open the bonnet to do these checks.A: Got it. And the petrol cap?
B: That’s simple – it’s where you put fuel into the car. That’s why it needs to be closed properly, or fuel could leak or evaporate.A: What about the number plate? Why is that important?
B: The number plate is used to identify the vehicle. That’s because every car needs a unique identification for legal and safety reasons, like in case of accidents or violations.A: Last one – the wheel and tyre. Are they the same thing?
B: Not exactly! The wheel is the metal part, while the tyre is the rubber part that goes around it. The tyre is what actually touches the road, which is why its condition is so important for safety.
20.13 ربط بمهارة سابقة: First Conditional + Explanations | Integration
دعنا ندمج First Conditional (من Theme 3) مع Explanations:
“If the tyre isn’t properly inflated, the car won’t grip the road well. That’s why drivers should check tyre pressure regularly.”
“If an air traffic controller makes a mistake, it could be very dangerous. The reason is that many lives depend on accurate communication.”
20.14 جدول مقارنة شامل: المهارات اللغوية عبر الثيمة الرابعة | Skills Integration Table
| الوحدة | المهارة | الهدف |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 (Aviation) | Pronouns as Cohesive Devices | تتبع المعنى عبر النص |
| Unit 2 (Congestion) | Present Perfect/Continuous | التعبير عن المدة والاستمرارية |
| Unit 3 (Road Safety) | Multiple Choice Strategy | استراتيجية الاختبار |
| Unit 4 (Airport Jobs) | Asking/Giving Explanations | التواصل الشفهي – السبب والنتيجة |
20.15 خلاصة الوحدة | Unit Summary
✅ تعرفنا على 9 وظائف في المطارات بمسؤولياتها كاملة
✅ حللنا جدول مفردات شامل لكل وظيفة
✅ محاكاة مقابلة كاملة مع طارق (مراقب ملاحة جوية) وحللنا 5 أسئلة
✅ تعلمنا قاعدتين كاملتين: Asking for Explanations و Giving Explanations
✅ تعلمنا روابط السبب والنتيجة (That’s why, That’s because, The reason is)
✅ طبقنا حواراً كاملاً عن 7 أجزاء سيارة باستخدام كل العبارات
📋 قائمة مفردات الوحدة الكاملة
| English | عربي |
|---|---|
| maintain | يحافظ على |
| efficiency | كفاءة |
| suited (to) | مناسب لـ |
| overall responsibility | مسؤولية شاملة |
| runways | مدارج |
| supervise | يشرف على |
| emergency services | خدمات طوارئ |
| retail | تجزئة/بيع |
| check in agent | موظف تسجيل وصول |
| security personnel | طاقم أمن |
| air traffic controller | مراقب ملاحة جوية |
| mechanic/technician | فني/تقني |
| baggage handler | عامل مناولة حقائب |
| altitude | ارتفاع |
| concentration | تركيز |
📝 نموذج اختبار قصير (Mini Quiz) – نهاية الوحدة
A) Job Matching:
- baggage handler — a) gives instructions to pilots
- air traffic controller — b) weighs and transports luggage
- mechanic — c) carries out repairs
الإجابة: 1-b, 2-a, 3-c
B) Complete with Explanation Phrases:
A: Can you _______ (1) what an airport engineer does?
B: _______ (2), an airport engineer designs runways and supervises construction. _______ (3) they need technical training.
نموذج إجابة: 1. explain / 2. Let me explain / 3. That’s why
C) Speaking Practice:
Work with a partner. Choose an airport job from this unit. Partner A asks for an explanation of the job’s responsibilities (using Soundbites phrases). Partner B explains, using “That’s because” and “The reason is” at least once.
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